HRAC GROUP 22 (LEGACY D) RESISTANT JAPANESE MAZUS
(Mazus pumilus)

PS I Electron Diversion HRAC Group 22 (Legacy D)

Japan, Oita

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INTRODUCTION JAPANESE MAZUS Japanese Mazus (Mazus pumilus) is a dicot weed in the Scrophulariaceae family.  In Japan this weed first evolved resistance to Group 22 (Legacy D) herbicides in 2006 and infests Gardens, Orchards, Roadsides, and Vegetables.   Group 22 (Legacy D) herbicides are known as PS I Electron Diversion (PSI Electron Diversion ).  Research has shown that these particular biotypes are resistant to paraquat and they may be cross-resistant to other Group 22 (Legacy D) herbicides. The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

QUIK STATS (last updated Oct 21, 2014 ) Common Name Japanese Mazus Species Mazus pumilus Group PS I Electron Diversion HRAC Group 22 (Legacy D) Herbicides paraquat Location Japan, Oita Year 2006 Situation(s) Gardens, Orchards, Roadsides, and Vegetables Contributors - (Alphabetically) Satoshi Iwakami, Tohru Tominaga, and Akira Uchino  Edit this Case  |  Add New Case of Resistance  |  Add Note

NOTES ABOUT THIS BIOTYPE GENERAL Tohru Tominaga TSUJI K, HOSOKAWA M, MORITA S, MIURA R & TOMINAGA T (2013). Resistance to paraquat in Mazus pumilus. Weed Research 53, 176–182. Summary Mazus pumilus is an annual self-pollinating weed that is commonly found in arable land, vegetable gardens and roadsides. This weed harbours insects and pathogens that attack vegetables. The mechanism of resistance to paraquat of M. pumilus found in Ohita, Japan, was studied. Whole plant bioassays revealed that the resistant (R) biotypes were four to six times less susceptible than controls. Chlorophyll destruction of leaf discs by paraquat treatment in R biotypes was 4–20 times lower than those of susceptible (S) biotypes. Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) values in R biotypes were higher than those of S biotypes before and after paraquat treatments. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was also higher in R biotypes than those of S biotypes before and after treatment with paraquat, but the activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) were not different between R and S biotypes. Change of ascorbate (AsA) contents before and after paraquat treatment was equivalent in both biotypes. These results indicate that the increased SOD activity and antioxidant capacity in R biotypes contribute to the resistance to paraquat of M. pumilus. Edit this Note  |  Add New Note

ACADEMIC ASPECTS Confirmation Tests Greenhouse, and Laboratory trials comparing a known susceptible Japanese Mazus biotype with this Japanese Mazus biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.   Genetics Genetic studies on HRAC Group 22 resistant Japanese Mazus have not been reported to the site.  There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature   Mechanism of Resistance The mechanism of resistance for this biotype is either unknown or has not been entered in the database.  If you know anything about the mechanism of resistance for this biotype then please update the database.   Relative Fitness There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes.  If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of Group 22 (Legacy D) resistant Japanese Mazus from Japan please update the database.   Edit Case  |  Add Note  |  Add Article  |  Add New Case  |  Help

CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS SATOSHI IWAKAMI Weed Scientist University of Tsukuba Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences 1-1-1 Tennoudai Tsukuba, 305-8577, Ibaraki Japan Email Satoshi Iwakami TOHRU TOMINAGA Professor Kyoto University Graduate School of Agriculture Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho Sakyo Kyoto, 606-8502, Kyoto Japan Email Tohru Tominaga AKIRA UCHINO Weed Scientist NARO Agricultural Research Center Graduate School of Agriculture 3-1-1 Kannondai Tsukuba, 305-8666, Ibaraki Japan Email Akira Uchino

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in Japan have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Satoshi Iwakami, Tohru Tominaga, and Akira Uchino for providing detailed information.

Herbicide Resistant Japanese Mazus Globally (Mazus pumilus) Herbicide Resistant Japanese Mazus Globally (Mazus pumilus) Drag a column header and drop it here to group by that column Herbicide Resistant Japanese Mazus Globally (Mazus pumilus) # Country Country StateName FirstYear Situation Active Ingredients CountryID Site of Action WeedID Species CommonName ResistID 1 Japan Japan   2006 Gardens, Orchards, Roadsides, and Vegetables paraquat 25 PS I Electron Diversion ( HRAC Group 22 (Legacy D) 296 Mazus pumilus Japanese Mazus 7767

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TSUJI K, HOSOKAWA M, MORITA S, MIURA R & TOMINAGA T. 2013. Resistance to paraquat in Mazus pumilus. Weed Research 53 : 176 - 182.

Mazus pumilus is an annual self-pollinating weed that is commonly found in arable land, vegetable gardens and roadsides. This weed harbours insects and pathogens that attack vegetables. The mechanism of resistance to paraquat of M. pumilus found in Ohita, Japan, was studied. Whole plant bioassays revealed that the resistant (R) biotypes were four to six times less susceptible than controls. Chlorophyll destruction of leaf discs by paraquat treatment in R biotypes was 4–20 times lower than those of susceptible (S) biotypes. Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) values in R biotypes were higher than those of S biotypes before and after paraquat treatments. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was also higher in R biotypes than those of S biotypes before and after treatment with paraquat, but the activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) were not different between R and S biotypes. Change of ascorbate (AsA) contents before and after paraquat treatment was equivalent in both biotypes. These results indicate that the increased SOD activity and antioxidant capacity in R biotypes contribute to the resistance to paraquat of M. pumilus..

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