International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds

Countries Weeds Herbicides Mutations Graphs References Researchers
MULTIPLE RESISTANT BUCKHORN PLANTAIN
(Plantago lanceolata)


Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
PS I Electron Diversion HRAC Group 22 (Legacy D)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)

South Africa
INTRODUCTION BUCKHORN PLANTAIN
Buckhorn Plantain (Plantago lanceolata) is a dicot weed in the Plantaginaceae family.  In South Africa this weed first evolved multiple resistance (to 2 herbicide sites of action) in 2022 and infests Grapes.  Multiple resistance has evolved to herbicides in the Groups 22 (Legacy D), and Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G).  These particular biotypes are known to have resistance to glyphosate, and paraquat and they may be cross-resistant to other herbicides in the Groups 22 (Legacy D), and Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G).

The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

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QUIK STATS (last updated Jun 05, 2023 )

Common NameBuckhorn Plantain
SpeciesPlantago lanceolata
GroupPS I Electron Diversion HRAC Group 22 (Legacy D)

Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
Herbicidesglyphosate, and paraquat
LocationSouth Africa
Year2022
Situation(s)Grapes
Contributors - (Alphabetically)Pj Pieterse 
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NOTES ABOUT THIS BIOTYPE

GENERAL

Pj Pieterse

Screening herbicides and herbicide mixtures to identify alternative chemical controls for resistant plantago biotypes.

Author(s) : Ndou, V. ;  Phiri, E. E. ;  Pieterse, P. J.

Author Affiliation : Department of Agronomy, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.

Author Email : nvhuthu@gmail.com

Journal article : South African Journal of Plant and Soil 2022 Vol.39 No.3 pp.198-203

Abstract : Herbicide mixtures are beneficial since they delay the occurrence of resistance to herbicides, provided that the herbicides used are effective at controlling the target weed species. Recently, plantago (Plantago lanceolata L.) was found to show 23 and 10-fold-resistance to glyphosate and paraquat. Experiments were carried out under controlled conditions to determine the efficacy of various herbicide concentrations and mixtures for the control of multiple resistant plantago at the two to three leaf stage. Proven plantago resistant (R) biotypes which had been shown to survive high glyphosate and paraquat dosages were used together with one susceptible (S) biotype in each experiment. The herbicides 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA), (400 g a.i. ha-1), carfentrazone-ethyl (400 g a.i. ha-1), and glufosinate (200 g a.i. ha-1), and two combined mixtures consisting of paraquat + diquat (120 + 80 g a.i. ha-1), and terbuthylazine + S-metolachlor (497.2 + 102.8 g a.i. ha-1) were applied either alone or in mixtures resulting in 12 treatments. The herbicides and combinations were chosen for their distinct modes of action. The mixtures achieved 0% survival rates for the R and S biotypes except for glyphosate + MCPA and MCPA applied alone. The herbicide mixtures identified in the study together with other non-chemical control options may be used in the management of glyphosate- and paraquat-resistant plantago infestations.

ISSN : 0257-1862

DOI : 10.1080/02571862.2022.2068084

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ACADEMIC ASPECTS

Confirmation Tests

Greenhouse, and Laboratory trials comparing a known susceptible Buckhorn Plantain biotype with this Buckhorn Plantain biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.
 
Genetics

Genetic studies on HRAC Group 22, 9 resistant Buckhorn Plantain have not been reported to the site.  There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature
 
Mechanism of Resistance

The mechanism of resistance for this biotype is either unknown or has not been entered in the database.  If you know anything about the mechanism of resistance for this biotype then please update the database.
 
Relative Fitness

There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes.  If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of multiple resistant Buckhorn Plantain from South Africa please update the database.
 
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CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS

PJ PIETERSE
Lecturer
University Of Stellenbosch
Dept Of Agronomy
115 Weed Research Lab
Stellenbosch, 7602
South Africa
Email Pj Pieterse

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in South Africa have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Pj Pieterse for providing detailed information.
Herbicide Resistant Buckhorn Plantain Globally
(Plantago lanceolata)
Herbicide Resistant Buckhorn Plantain Globally
(Plantago lanceolata)
Drag a column header and drop it here to group by that column
Herbicide Resistant Buckhorn Plantain Globally
(Plantago lanceolata)
#CountryFirstYearSituationActive IngredientsSite of Action
1 South AfricaSouth Africa 2003 Grapes, and Orchards glyphosate 37 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
220Plantago lanceolataBuckhorn Plantain5196
2 South AfricaSouth Africa 2022 Grapes glyphosate, and paraquat 37 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
PS I Electron Diversion ( HRAC Group 22 (Legacy D)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
220Plantago lanceolataBuckhorn Plantain27276
3 United States (Indiana) United StatesIndiana2016 Turf 2,4-D 45 Auxin Mimics ( HRAC Group 4 (Legacy O)
220Plantago lanceolataBuckhorn Plantain17133
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Cite this site as: Heap, I.  The International Survey of Herbicide Resistant Weeds.  Online.  Internet.  Saturday, April 27, 2024 .  Available  www.weedscience.org
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